When you are asked to create questions and also the answers. The due date is not too long. Then, your target is only to finish it as soon as possible wkwkwk without grammar checking. I did it couple of time hihihi
EDUCATION FOUNDATION AND PRINCIPLES
1. Why
does education matter?
Answer:
In
my perception, education is necessary and people cannot avoid it. Moreover, it
is the process that stars when people born and stop when people die. However,
it changes someone’s life as it is the changing be based on someone’s concept
of good life related to the way someone thinks, feels, and acts. It can be a
bridge leads people to a better future. In addition, it plays important role in
the development of a country for instance in determining the human resource and
the position of a country as it is one of the factors to place country in the
higher level. In other word, it is important to place people in the appropriate
concept of thinking and be the key factor in turning life toward productivity
and success.
2. What
are the aims of education?
Answer:
As education is an important thing for
someone’s life, it aims to bring out inner ability and give an individual
ability to take part in society, give a secure cultural background and to
produce good citizens. It stated in Indonesian act. no. 20 The year 2003 about
National Education System in Article 3 which reads national education serves to
develop the ability and forms the character and civilization of a dignified
nation in order to educate the nation. This is related to the establishment of
the learners' character so as to compete, ethical, moral, polite, and interact
with the community. The character is a person's behavior which bases on values
in accordance with prevailing norms. Attitude or behavior will reflect the
character of a person. In other words, every person's character is different
and change, each individual has a basic character, which needs to inculcate and
train in order to develop and apply in everyday life.
3.
Write down the principles of education
in Indonesia
Answer:
According to the act No. 20 year 2003
about the national education systems, it has six principles of education in
Indonesia, those are:
1)
The education should be organized
democratically and fair without any discrimination happen. It should consider
the human right, religion values, cultural values and the plurality of nation
2)
It is systematically with the openness
system and multi-meaning. Openness system means it should be flexible, while
multi-meaning means it organized oriented towards cultivation, empowerment,
character formation and personality as well as various life skills.
3)
It is organized as a cultivation process
and students’ empowerment process that continue.
4)
It should give example, raise the desire
and develop the creativity of students in learning process
5)
It is organized through reading,
writing, counting culture.
6)
It is organized by empowering all
community components through participation and the implementation and quality
control of education service.
4.
What does concept of education mean? And
what are the concepts of education according to Ki Hajar Dewatara?
Answer:
Concept is the idea or theory that
used as the basic of something and mostly comes from a great philosopher or
thinkers’ idea or thoughts. So that, the concept of education is the
educational thought that able to accommodate and consider all the purpose and
process of education itself. A good concept of education will bring positive
impact to human resource. In other word the concept used to achieve education
goals.
It has three concepts of education to
develop educational systems according to Ki Hajar Dewantara which known as
TRIKON (continue, convergent and concentric). Continue means the development of
education should be plan and should not interrupt. Thus, by a set of good
planning, every step in educational system will continue through evaluation and
precise improvement. It is important because if it has the unexpectedly change
and interrupt, a meaningful changes will not take place. Meanwhile, convergent
is the development that comes from the practice of international education,
which will be customized with Indonesian educational systems. Then, the
concentric means the development done have to consider the personality of our
country as the purpose of Indonesian education is to guide children’s growth to
the maximum in accordance with the character of the culture. Therefore, we
should not adopt other countries theory and culture principle without any
evaluation. In short, the concept of Ki Hajar Dewantara aimed to humanize human
and construct independent learning.
5.
What are the similarities between the concept
of education provided by Ki Hajar Dewantara and constructivism?
Answer:
Both concept focuses on students’
center, which means teacher’s role is as facilitator. In addition, both
concepts agreed congenital and education factor influence in the building of
students’ character. It is important to make students understand the purpose of
the learning and let them construct their own knowledge or teaching learning
process is not only the process of transferring the knowledge.
6.
Does education follow the development of
science and art or vise verse?
Answer:
As we know that education is the process
by which people learn. Meanwhile, the science is knowledge of a field that is
arranged systematically to be able to explain certain field of knowledge and
art is human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts
(artworks), expressing the imaginative, conceptual idea or technical skill, and
it is related to beauty or emotional power. So that, science and art does not
follow the development of education, but the first that develop is science and
art as it developed accordance with the development of human being. Then, it
will followed by the development of education. It is because science and art is
the material and education is the process. Therefore, the process will be success
if it follows the development of material that means it should suitable with
the science. Through science, humans can improve themselves and create
something new for society.
7.
What do you think about long-life
education?
Answer:
I believe that long-life education
supports people’s existence to live. It is because throughout their life, humans
are required to adapt themselves with the development of era as dynamically,
actively, creatively and innovatively. Therefore, long-life education is
important for human being. In addition, this education does not identic with
schooling, but it is a continuous learning process happened since human born
and happened everywhere at any time. It also means there is no age limitation
to gain education as it still happen even someone getting older.
8.
How is the role of psychology in human’s
education?
Answer:
Humans are unique and vary in
characteristics, needs and capabilities. Psychology is the science to
understand humans being in order to treat them precisely. In educational field,
psychology is one of its foundations and learners’ characteristics as
individual influenced the learning process. Therefore, psychology plays
important role to decide which approach or strategies of learning that suitable
to achieve maximum learning goal of education. Through psychology that learns
psychological factor of human being, a teacher can motivate students in
learning, and able to face varieties of students’ characteristics. In short,
psychology and education is unity and related to each other. It is because the
subject and object of education is human being while psychology studies the
psychological factors of human being.
9.
What should be done by teacher in order
to motivate students in learning?
Answer:
Motivation comes from human
hierarchical needs. When the premier needs fulfilled, the higher need come
forward. Thus, human will be motivated to fulfill the need as soon as possible.
Therefore, Motivation in education is important because it can clarify the
purpose of learning due to it give direction and activities that should be done
accordance with the students’ goal. In motivating students, teachers should do
some following tips:
1)
Tells students the benefits and purpose
of learning,
2)
Tell the learning criteria,
3)
Varies the method of learning,
4)
Creates an enjoyable and fun activities,
5)
Appreciates the students,
6)
Gives the students positive
reinforcement, and
7)
Creates a competitive learning situation
10.
What are the factors that affect the
learning process?
Answer:
It has internal and external factors.
The internal factors consisted of the physical condition such as the health of
the organs of the body, the mental condition such as intellectual and
emotional, social condition such as the social ability. This factor will affect
the students’ readiness, process and result. The external factors are the factor
came from outside, In examples the subject level, learning place, climate, and
environment.
11.
What does intrinsic motivation means?
Answer:
Intrinsic motivation is motivation
that comes from one self. It means someone does not need any reward in doing
something because the task itself is the reward. Through this motivation,
someone will feel unpressured while doing something. In other word he did is
consciously and based on their interest and curiosity.
12.
What do you know about human right?
Answer:
Human right is a great issue. It has
been owned since people born and it should not be ignored. It is not something
that given by human or the country where someone is belong. It is from the
creator of human. In other word, it is inherent and valid throughout the life
of human. The border of someone’s human right is others’ human right. Thus, we
should consider other people existence, should respect and appreciate other’s
right to avoid the crashing between the rights or causing human right violation.
The source of human right implementation in Indonesia is Pancasila as the
provisions contained in the outlook on life of Indonesia. It has several parts
of human right such as personal right, political right, property right and
social culture right. The first is personal right such as the freedom to choose
religion, and to express view or idea. The second is political right such as
freedom to choose and be chosen in an election, and to form an organization.
The third is property rights such as the freedom in doing trade and having a
proper job. The last but not least it the social culture right such as to
decide, choose and get education and learning, and to develop the culture that
suitable with the need and talent.
13.
What is the relation between obligation
and the right?
Answer:
Both are important for human as social
creature. The rights will not exist without obligation. In other word, the
obligation should firstly full fill. Furthermore, these relate to the justice
because justice realized when the right in line with the obligation.
14.
Write down the right and obligation of
student!
Answer:
Every students at same level, as the
member of community has same rights and obligations.
The students’ rights are:
1)
Get religious education in accordance
with their religion.
2)
Get educational services based on their
talents, interests and abilities.
3)
Get scholarship as an outstanding
students whose parents cannot afford the education
4)
Allowed to move into different education
program but at the same level
5)
Complete the education program according
to the learning speed of each student, accordance with a predetermined time
limit.
Below is the obligation of the students:
1) Obey
the education norms to ensure the continuity of the process and the success of education
2) To
bear the cost of education except for education release from obligation is in
accordance with the regulation and laws.
15.
Give your perception of students’ right
violation in Indonesian educational field!
Answer:
In my opinion, the completion and
enforcement of human right should be in a fair manner for all parties. It has
stated and guaranteed in the act that everyone has right to get education. In a
case student broke the school rules or did wrong that bring impacts to the
school, she or he cannot be issued from the school without any considerations.
The stakeholder should consider a lot of thing before making this decision. In
instance, instead of exporting students who have troubles, it is better to give
some constructive punishment without violating their right to get education
such as giving suspension.
16.
What are the differences between formal,
informal, and non-formal education?
Answer:
Formal education is education that
occurs in school. It involves the teacher, students and institution. It is continuous and systematic. In addition,
the system is strict and be based on curriculums. It has a program that teacher
and students must observe, involving intermediate and final assessments in order
to advance students to the next learning stages. It starts from kindergarten,
elementary school, junior high school, senior high school until university.
Informal education is the education
that occurs outside of a structured curriculum, and anywhere and anytime. It can
happen through conversation, exploration and enlargement of experience. it is
the learning that occurring in daily life, for example, parents show their
children how to write, to cook or to plan a tree and someone buys magazine than
read it by himself and got knowledge from it. In short, it is the spontaneous
process of helping people to learn.
Non-formal education is education for
people whom never or cannot finish formal education. It used to replace, add
and complete formal education. It has no strict system and no exact curriculum
given by government. The examples are course, study group, public learning
activity, and some associations. It organized by certain institution. Through
non-formal education, all people will have chance to the educational access.
17.
What is the role of economy in
education?
Answer:
Economy is the activity system that
related to the production, distribution and exchange, and the refreshment of
the good and services. Education nowadays opens to collaboration. It has some
school that collaborates with the entrepreneur. It is because most people
nowadays has open mind about the importance of education. It has also lots of
excellent school today. Besides, it needs government’s attention and needs lot
of funds to raise the education of a country. Economy as the source of
education will motivate, and trigger a country to a better quality. However,
the development of economy influences the development of education. In other
word, economy plays role in succeeding the education, economy can fill the
means and infrastructure, media, learning tool and, etc. Further, the learning
process will also become more intensive and motivate.
18.
Why does education in Indonesia left
behind, compared to other countries?
Answer:
In my opinion, our education left
behind because of some reasons such as the method used in learning is not too
effective, and the quality of teacher is different compare to international
teacher. Therefore, by improving the quality of teacher, it will naturally
improve the quality of thinking and teaching which applied for a better
education, so that Indonesia can compete with other country. In addition, our
education still not spread evenly. It is because the changing of curriculum
which is not consistence, different facilities and teacher in each region.
Further, the level of education also depends on the economic development of a
country.
19.
What factors cause education become expensive?
Answer:
What cause education of Indonesia
feels expensive is the more expensive prices of stuffs due to the weakening of
rupiah against the dollar. Although in Indonesia, public schools from
elementary level to junior should not be paid, the number of other things that
have to be prepared or the abundance of the levy, or in some cases, the cost to
enroll the school is free but parents should still prepare for school uniforms
and books. Education feels expensive also because of low family income and the
lack of attention from the Government.
The other factor is that every year, more and more children want to
attend school, especially in excellent schools. As a result, many school increase
their school fees. Furthermore, many cases occurred because the Government
corruption case, and authorized the school to manage its own fund with the aim
of meeting the needs of students.
20.
What are the main facilities should be
prepared for the school in secluded area?
Answer:
Remote area is the location of the
territory and far away from the center of Government. Thus, the important
things that have to be fulfilled in order to make the remote area education advance
includes learning place or the school building, next is the other facilities as
a supporting for teaching and learning process such as infrastructure including
road as the access that often hinders students in remote areas. Besides, as
additional, government should prepare qualified teachers. It is because it will
also very helpful to the process of education in that area.
21.
Does national examination (UN) able to evaluate
all the students in Indonesia?
Answer:
Nowadays, UN is not used as benchmark
in determine the graduation of students after 3 years of learning. This is
because the school has combined the UN score with the school exam score in
determining graduation. However, using the National Examination to evaluate
students' abilities, I think it is still not effective because the ability of
each student is different and the National Examination is only done in a few
days. Moreover, the questions used in national examination do not refer to the
level of each region, while education in Indonesia itself is still uneven. In
addition, because of this, it has schools that are still cheating in order to
maintain their good name.
22.
Explain briefly how a teaching learning
process occurs for children with special needs!
Answer:
It has several characteristics of
students with special needs and the learning process should consider this
characteristics. In addition, the learning process is varying according to the
type of the students. As we know that students with special needs are those who
are different in term of the intellectual, learning, emotional and behavior,
etc.
Usually the students with special needs
will be separate from normal students. Therefore, the educational service will
also different. The curriculum itself in inclusive education is also different
from normal school, but some of the learning process occur individually, group
and sometimes in classical based on the needs. The students need special
instruction and need special guide. In fact, it also has integrity educational
service that gives a chance for students with special need to join with normal
students. However, the students will get special treatment for a certain
subject form an adviser teacher in the school.
23.
Why is art important in education?
Answer:
Art brings joy and a sense of
calmness. Art in education should be therapy for a regular school day, which
sometime can be monotone. Through art, education become better, due to the
creativity, improvisation, and spontaneous. Moreover, teaching is not always
about formula or numbers, teacher can bring art into learning process to make students
enjoy. In addition art used as the tool for helping teacher in conveying the
message or information. The example of applying art in education is teacher use
movie, some pictures, and illustration in the textbook.
24.
What is the efficiency and effectiveness
of the education funds?
Answer:
The funds will efficient if it is used
in appropriate ways. It should smaller than the plans so that can produce great
creativities and services. Meanwhile, the funds will be effective if the funds
that planned can be achieved with the same or more quantity and quality in the
planning process.
25.
Does Indonesia need international
teacher to teach the students in school?
Answer:
In my opinion, it should not happen
because in Indonesia, it has many capable and professional teachers. Our
teachers are good role models for Indonesian students. If the reason government
asking for international teachers is to teach the students so their knowledge
will improve, it is better to give chance for local teacher to improve themselves
in term of knowledge, creativities and soon. Asking for international teacher
will cost more money to pay them. Just give the teacher chance to learn in
higher educational country, than when they come back of course their
professionalism will be equal with the international teacher.
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